Definitions

Biotechnology is a broad term for a group of technologies based on the application of biological processes. It is used to make or modify foodstuffs and medicines, reduce wastes and environmental impacts, contribute to the development of sustainable farming systems, and create renewable energy sources. Modern biotechnology is the term used to describe a range of processes and techniques especially at the molecular level. Examples of biotechnology applications of particular interest to the Department include cell culture, genomics, molecular marker-assisted breeding, cloning, bioprocessing and diagnostic testing as well as gene technology.

Gene technology is the science of identifying and/or modifying the genes of an organism ie: moving, introducing or eliminating specific genes. In recent times, developments in gene technology have led to revolutions in the area of biotechnology, including the area of genetic modification (GM) also known as "genetic engineering”. For example, scientists can now identify and map the genetic make up of an organism and then isolate a single gene and insert it into another plant or animal cell to give the second cell a desired characteristic. Gene technology has been used to develop crops with resistance to disease, pests and chemicals, and to produce insulin used by diabetics.

This is a very precise form of biotechnology and allows scientists to introduce or alter specific characteristics to modify the plant or animal for a particular purpose. It is this application of biotechnology that is regulated under the National Gene Technology Regulatory Scheme, in recognition of the need to advance with care with this powerful technology.

For more information on biotechnology in general refer to Biotechnology Australia (external link).